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The Naughty Nine, UNUS NAUTA, or Pronominal Adjectives

There is a set of adjectives in the first and second declension that doesn't quite follow the standard set of rules. We call these pronominal adjectives, because they function more like pronouns than describers. But you can refer to them as the Naughty Nine, or with the mnemonic UNUS NAUTA.

adjectives feminine first declension masculine neuter second declension

iste, ista, istud

The demonstrative iste, ista, istud has a lot in common with its cousin ille, illa, illud: both mean "that", both are declined in an almost identical fashion. But iste carries with it a second person nature that sometimes can be negative. That brother of yours, that video of yours...

adjectives feminine masculine neuter nouns

ille, illa, illud

That is a lot like this. This video covers the declension and use the demonstrative ille, illa, illud. That is the word which gives us the il, el, elle, le, la, los, les, and and las of the Romance languages.

adjectives feminine masculine neuter nouns

The Fifth Declension

The fifth is the last of the declensions, where the letter e has a big say. This video covers the endings for the fifth, used for words like res, thing, and dies, day, along with any peculiarities for this declension.

feminine fifth declension nouns

Latin Gender

All Latin nouns have a gender - they are masculine, feminine, or even neuter. Why? Sometimes it's because they refer to males or females, but much more frequently the gender of a noun is just one other fact of the word. Sure, it's different from English (and the neuter is foreign to many Romance languages), but not too difficult to master.

feminine masculine neuter nouns

is, ea, id

The word is, ea, id serves double duty as both a demonstrative adjective ("that") and the third person pronoun ("he, she, it" etc.). It may be little, but its size betrays its power and importance.

adjectives feminine masculine neuter nouns

Third Declension Adjectives

Much like their first and second declension counterparts, third declension endings modify nouns, with which they agree in three ways: case, number, and gender. It's just that these adjectives have third declension endings, and that there are three different types of these adjectives.

adjectives feminine masculine neuter third declension

hic, haec, hoc

*This* video teaches the Latin word for "this" in all of its wonderful forms and parts of speech. hic, haec, hoc is not just a good (and popular) demonstrative adjective, but it has many substantive (noun-like) and adverbial uses.

adjectives feminine masculine neuter nouns

Personal Pronouns

I, me, you, we, us, all of these are personal pronouns, and Latin has different forms for these words depending on how they are used in the sentence. Yes, the pronoun is declined too. But don't worry, the forms of ego, tu, nos, and vos aren't so different from each other.

cases feminine introduction masculine neuter nouns

First and Second Declension Adjectives

Adjectives are always bothersome. We know they describe nouns, but in Latin they take the same case, number, and gender as the noun they modify. This can be easy if the nouns is of the same declension, but a bit more tricky if we cross declensions, where a 1st/2nd declension adjective modifies a 3rd declension noun: magnus leo.

adjectives feminine first declension masculine neuter second declension

The Third Declension

The third declension has many of the most interesting Latin words. This video covers the declension of third declension nouns in the masculine and feminine genders, how they are translated, and other peculiar features of this fascinating grammatical group.

feminine masculine neuter nouns third declension

The First Declension

This may be the first thing you ever learned with Latin, and the first is always the best. This video covers the declension of first declension nouns, how they are translated, and other peculiar features of the a declension.

feminine first declension nouns

Numbers in Latin

Numbers in Latin are as easy as one-two-three, except that the numbers one, two, and three are declined to match the same case, number, and gender as the noun they are describing. This video covers Latin cardinal numbers, the numbers we use to count.

adjectives culture feminine masculine neuter

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