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Rule 3: Some Adjectives Describe Part of their Noun

The third rule of Latin grammar is that some adjectives describe just part of their noun. These adjectives are primarily superlatives, like summus or ultimus, but also include medius, ceterus, and reliquus. It's best to translate them with "of" or "part of".

91 rules of grammar adjectives

Septentriones, the Seven Oxen of the North

The word septentriones is an interesting Latin word for "the north". Caesar often uses this word. It's origins are unclear, and we learn from Varro that it relates to the seven stars of the Big Dipper, which the Romans referred to as the Seven Oxen.

culture minutiae

Rule 2: Noun-Adjective Agreement

The second rule of Latin grammar is that adjectives will agree with the nouns they describe in case, number, and gender. But this rule can lead to some interesting situations, and allows for great flexibility in Latin word order. From here comes some of the great beauty of poetry.

91 rules of grammar adjectives nouns

Aeneid Book 2.40-56: Laocoon Runs Down to the Beach

After the Trojans have discovered a wooden horse on the beach, Laocoon runs down from Troy and issues stern warnings about trusting the horse and the Greeks. Check out aeneid.co for more videos on the Aeneid!

aeneid

The Naughty Nine, UNUS NAUTA, or Pronominal Adjectives

There is a set of adjectives in the first and second declension that doesn't quite follow the standard set of rules. We call these pronominal adjectives, because they function more like pronouns than describers. But you can refer to them as the Naughty Nine, or with the mnemonic UNUS NAUTA.

adjectives feminine first declension masculine neuter second declension

Introducing 91 Rules of Latin Grammar

Starting next week, I will be releasing a new series called "91 Rules", in which I will review the most basic and essential parts of Latin grammar. Stay tuned!

91 rules of grammar

A New Hexameter.co

Hexameter is the metrical pattern used by many ancient poets. It consists of combinations of long and short syllables, and my website at hexameter.co does a great job of helping practice your ability to identify these long and short syllables. And in the summer of 2018, I did a massive overhaul of the site, adding many new verses and awesome features to make hexameter.co a worthwhile tool! If you subscribe to hexameter.co before the end of August, 2018, please use coupon code HEX2018 to receive 20% your yearly subscription.

hexameter

Aeneid.co in 2018

I do more than post videos. This video looks at a website in my suite of digital offerings at aeneid.co. This helps you read Vergil's Aeneid in the original Latin with videos, strong vocabulary tools, and more. The entire AP Latin and GCSE Latin syllabi are covered with videos. And, until the end of August, 2018, use coupon code AENEID2018 and get 20% off your subscription.

aeneid

Cervus, a Metaphor for Runaway Slaves

Runaway slaves, when captured, were branded with a FUG for fugitivus. But they were also referred to with the colorful term cervus, which means "deer". This brings with it a whole slew of connections, including that with the goddess Diana and the rex Nemorensis.

culture minutiae

New at LatinTutorial, 2018-2019

What's new on this channel for this year? More videos, more updates at hexameter.co and aeneid.co. And, at least for this video, a talking Colosseum.

introduction

  • LatinTutorial
  • Latin doesn't have to be hard, and with the help of online descriptions of complicated grammatical topics, I hope it isn't. If you're a teacher, feel free to use these videos in your class, either to flip the learning, or for review. If you're a student, learn as much as you can. Check out the about page for more information.