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What Are Nouns?

Nouns can be people, places, things, concepts, quantities, and many other things. So why not define a noun by its role in the sentence, rather than just by naming its constituent parts? You'll find that a noun like this is far more descriptive and a little bit more interesting.

background introduction nouns

How to Trill Your R

Trilling your R is just hard, especially for many English speakers, and I teach one of the ways you can achieve a trilled R. Don't get frustrated if you can't do it right the first time. Trilling takes practice, but most people can achieve this trill with enough time and patience. Good luck!

background introduction

Irregular Verbs: sum, esse

The irregular verb sum, esse, is Latin's most important verb (not to mention the most common word in the entire language). But it's irregular, and that's a problem, right? Not if you understand how it got its irregularities. This video gives a good understanding of how sum, esse, works in the wild, and how it got its unusual forms.

active voice indicative mood introduction irregular verbs verbs

The Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive

The pluperfect passive subjunctive is linked to the indicative conjugation of the pluperfect - swap out the imperfect indicative of sum with the imperfect subjunctive, and the conjugation falls easily into place.

passive voice subjunctive mood verbs

The Perfect Passive Subjunctive

The conjugation of a verb in the perfect passive subjunctive requires just a small change from the indicative mood of the perfect passive. Just change the form of sum to sim (or its other forms for other persons and numbers), and you're all set.

passive voice subjunctive mood verbs

The Imperfect Passive Subjunctive

The conjugation of verbs into the imperfect passive subjunctive is just as easy as into the imperfect active subjunctive. Except now we have to worry about deponents, though, and that might make life just a little bit more complicated. Don't worry, though: it's easy if you know the nuts and bolts of the imperfect tense.

passive voice subjunctive mood verbs

The Present Passive Subjunctive

The present passive subjunctive is very similar to the present active subjunctive. You still have your vowel shift (We fear a liar or Wendy wears a giant diaper), but instead of the active endings, you use the passive ones. Simple, no? Don't forget that the passive of facio is fio, though. This will help you when you come to words like "fiat".

passive voice subjunctive mood verbs

The Pluperfect Active Subjunctive

The pluperfect subjunctive is similar to the pluperfect indicative, only instead of using as your endings the imperfect indicative of sum, it's the imperfect subjunctive. Just don't forget to change the first e to an i!

active voice subjunctive mood verbs

The Perfect Active Subjunctive

The Perfect Active Subjunctive is an easy combination of the perfect stem, the infix -eri-, and the personal endings. But as you're forming it, keep in mind that it is only used with present tense main verbs to show an action that has been already completed.

active voice subjunctive mood verbs

The Present Active Subjunctive

Let's learn how to conjugate a verb in the present active subjunctive. It's as easy as "we fear a liar" or "Wendy wears a giant diaper" (with, of course, a few irregulars). Keep in mind that the present subjunctive actually refers to actions happening at the same time as the main verb (unless it is the main verb, as it would be if it were a jussive, potential, optative, or deliberative).

active voice subjunctive mood verbs

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  • Latin doesn't have to be hard, and with the help of online descriptions of complicated grammatical topics, I hope it isn't. If you're a teacher, feel free to use these videos in your class, either to flip the learning, or for review. If you're a student, learn as much as you can. Check out the about page for more information.