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Aeneid Book 1.64-80: Juno and Aeolus

Juno addresses Aeolus and commands him to stir up a storm to overwhelm the Trojans on the Tyrrhenian Sea, just west of Italy. Aeolus owes a lot to Juno, and thus will do her bidding.

aeneid

Rule 52: The Ablative of Degree of Difference

There are two types of ablatives that you can find around comparisons, the ablative of comparison that means "than", and the ablative of degree of difference, a mouthful to say, in which the ablative modifies the comparison. It's very common to treat this ablative like an adverb, multō, meaning "much" (or literally, "by much"). This video explains the nuts and bolts behind this.

91 rules of grammar cases nouns

Rule 42: The Ablative of Source/Material

We stick with the separative ablative as we explore the ablative of source - namely the object that an ablative comes from, like the source of a river or a parent. Connected to this ablative of source is the material that an object is made from, like how a temple can be made of marble.

91 rules of grammar cases nouns

Rule 23: The Genitive with Verbs of Reminding

In contrast to verbs of remembering, verbs of reminding take both the accusative of who is being reminded, along with the genitive of what they are being reminded of. The translation into English flows rather naturally, and this rule shouldn't be too much of a burden (except for neuter pronouns, the one exception).

91 rules of grammar cases

Cervus, a Metaphor for Runaway Slaves

Runaway slaves, when captured, were branded with a FUG for fugitivus. But they were also referred to with the colorful term cervus, which means "deer". This brings with it a whole slew of connections, including that with the goddess Diana and the rex Nemorensis.

culture minutiae

Rule 55: The Ablative of Respect/Specification

The ablative case is used to give more specific information about an action (verb) or adjective. This is called either the ablative of respect or specification, and it's best understood, in my opinion, through examples. This video also touches upon the ablative supine, which is also an ablative of respect.

91 rules of grammar cases nouns

Rule 24: The Genitive of the Charge/Penalty

The last of our major uses of the genitive is the genitive of the charge or penalty. When dealing with charges, this makes perfect sense, as the genitive case flows naturally in phrases like "he accuses me of theft" (arguit mē fūrtī). We get into issues of idioms when we deal with the penalty, however.

91 rules of grammar cases nouns

Imperium: The Root of Empire

The emperor comes from imperator, which is a title of generals, magistrates, and others who wield imperium, the power to do their job. Imperium confers with it immunity from prosecution, but when it is taken away, like with Julius Caesar, disaster, or the Roman empire, can result.

culture minutiae

Rule 35: The Cognate Accusative

In both English and Latin, there exists a certain type of object that's used after intransitive verbs, which don't normally take direct objects. This is the cognate accusative, and found in phrases like "he lives a worthwhile life". The cognate accusative also takes on a sort of adverbial meaning in many different situations.

91 rules of grammar nouns

Rule 70: The Historical Infinitive

The infinitive, which often has its subject in the accusative case, can take a nominative subject in place of an imperfect tense verb. This is known as the historical infinitive because it is often found in the writers of history to show a vivid reporting of actions. That said, the historical infinitive is found in works of all genres, from Vergil to Plautus to Sallust. Its origins are unclear, but we may understand the historical infinitive by thinking about it as a noun in apposition to another noun.

91 rules of grammar infinitives verbs

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